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Ingabe usuyazi ngecala lokudelela inkantolo (contempt of court)? Liya ngokuya liyasabalala ezinqubweni zomthetho waseNingizimu Afrika kanti umsuka walo uvela emthethweni owaziwayo phecelezi i-English Common Law nokuyilapho umthetho waseNingizimu Afrika wazuza khona izimiso eziningi. Kusemqoka ukuba khona kwalo ukuze kwenzeke ubulungiswa futhi kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuzimela kwenkantolo kanye nokusebenza kwayo ngendlela.
Abantu abaziphatha ngendlela elulaza isithunzi namandla enkantolo kuzodingeka babhekane nezijeziso ezinqala lapha eNingizimu Afrika. Izinkantolo zinegunya lokujezisa indelelo ebhekiswe kuzo ukuze kuvikeleke isithunzi futhi kuqinisekiswe nokugcinwa komthetho. Nakuba kunjalo kodwa leli gunya lisebenza ngaphansi kwezivikelo zomthethosisekelo nenqubo ethile, okubalwa kuzo ilungelo lokuquliswa icala ngendlela enobulungiswa kanye nokuthathwa njengomuntu omsulwa kuze kube kutholakala ubufakazi obuphikisana nalokho. Ake silihlaziye leli cala, sichaze ukuthi kuyini ukudelela inkantolo eNingizimu Afrika, sibheke izinhlobo zalo, izimiso ezihlobene nalo kanye nezijeziso ezingase zinqunywe.
Kuyini-ke ukudelela inkantolo?
Ukudelela inkantolo indlela yokuziphatha engamukelekile, yinoma ngabe yiluphi uhlobo lokugcwaneka ngenhloso yokuphonsela inkantolo inselelo. Indlela yokuziphatha ekungamukelekile enkantolo ibandakanya ukwehluleka ukulandela imiyalelo yenkantolo, ukuphazamisa ukuqhubeka kwecala, kanye nanoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lokwenqaba, noma ukuphazamisa ukusebenza kwengalo yomthetho. Ukudelela inkantolo kungahlukaniswa ngaphansi kwezihloko ezimbili: okuwukudelela inkantolo ngokungalaleli umyalelo wayo (civil contempt) kanye nokudelela inkantolo ngendlela ephazamisa ukusebenza kwengalo yomthetho (criminal contempt).
Ukudelela inkantolo ngokungalaleli umyalelo wayo (civil contempt)
I-civil contempt ilapho umuntu enza isenzo esikhombisa ukungawuthobeli umyalelo wenkantolo. Lesi senzo singaba ukungayinaki i-subpoena okuwumyalelo okuphoqa ukuba wethule ubufakazi, kungaba ukwala ukukhokha inhlawulo, noma ukuziba isinqumo esivimbela isenzo esithile (injunction). I -civil contempt yehlukile yona, lowo osolwa ngayo uyanikwa ithuba ukuba enze lokho okunqunywe yinkantolo. Iyindlela yokumphoqa ukuba alandele umthetho kanti uma ehluleka esinikiwe ithuba, angaboshwa noma ahlawuliswe.
Ukudelela inkantolo ngendlela ephazamisa ukusebenza kwengalo yomthetho (criminal contempt)
I-criminal contempt ukuziphatha ngendlela ephazamisa inqubo yobulungiswa noma elulaza ingalo yomthetho. Kulokhu kubalwa ukuthuka inhlamba enkundleni, ukufunga amanga, ukuthuka ijaji noma izisebenzi zenkantolo.
Kuba yinkantolo evula leli cala ebese uMbuso uyalishushisa. Izijeziso ze-criminal contempt kuba ukukhokha inhlawulo, ukuboshwa, uphinde uphoqwe nokuthi ugcine lo myalelo obunqabe ukuwulandela. Inkantolo inegunya lokunquma ikhiphe izijeziso ezifanele ukuze igcine inqubo nengalo yomthetho ihloniphekile.
Ukuziba umyalelo wenkantolo eNingizimu Afrika (Ignoring a court order in South Africa)
Kungukuzidonsela amanzi ngomsele ukuwushaya indiva umyalelo wenkantolo eNingizimu Afrika. Isenzo sakho sokungawulandeli umyalelo sizothathwa njengokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwengalo yomthetho, okungaholela ekubekweni icala lokudelela inkantolo.
Umuntu onqaba ukukhokha inhlawulo, ohluleka ukukhipha isondlo somntwana esinqunywe, ngisho nohluleke ukukhokha isikweletu usuke ezibeka egcupheni yokwethweswa icala lokudelela inkantolo. Uma umuntu okhishelwe umyalelo wenkantolo engawunaki, lona omunye othintekayo ube esemmangala enkantolo ukuze ummangalelwa atholwe enecala lokudelela umyalelo wenkantolo. Inkantolo ke yona iqala ihlole ukuthi leso sicelo sokuvula icala sinazo yini izizathu ezizwakalayo ngaphambi kokuthi ikhiphe isinqumo. Iyaye ibheke izinto ezithile, okuyilezi:
Ukukhishwa komyalelo wenkantolo (Existence of a valid court order)
Kumele kube wukuthi ukhona umyalelo okhishwe inkantolo mayelana nesimo esithile ebesixazululwa ngaphambilini, futhi lokhu kumele kusekelwe ubufakazi.
Ubufakazi bokungathobeli umthetho (Proof of non-compliance)
Kumele kube nobufakazi obuqanda ikhanda. Ummangali kumele akhombise ngokusobala ukuthi ngempela icala lenziwe, kungavele kuvulwe icala ngaphandle ubufakazi obuphathekayo.
Ubuhlongandlebe (Wilful disobedience)
Lokhu kusho ukungawuthobeli ngamabomu umthetho noma ukwenqaba ukukwenza lokhu okushiwo yinkantolo. Akufani nhlobo nokukhohlwa noma nobudedengu ngoba lokhu kuyisenzo esihlose ukuphosela inkantolo inselelo. Lapha umsolwa usuke engawulandelanga ngamabomu umyalelo wenkantolo.
Ukwaziswa ngomyalelo wenkantolo (Awareness of the Court Order)
Lowo osuke esolwa ngokudelela kumele kube wukuthi uyazi ngomyalelo wenkantolo futhi kube nobufakazi bokuthi waziswa ngawo, watshelwa nangemiphumela yokungawulandeli lowo myalelo.
Isiphetho
Njengoba sewazi nge-contempt of court nangezijeziso zayo, kubalulekile ukucela ukwelulekwa kwezomthetho ukuze uqonde ukuthi kungenzeka yini isenzo esithile sithathwe njengokudelela inkantolo. Uma ufuna ulwazi olunzulu ngaleli cala kanye nemiphumela yalo, ungathola ukuqeqeshwa esikhungweni sezomthetho i-Gawie le Roux (Gawie le Roux Institute of Law).
Igcine ukubuyekezwa ngomhlaka 8 kuJulayi 2024.